Reflections on the Hudaibiyah Treaty
A MANIFEST VICTORY
Compiled by Shawana A Aziz
- Why did Allah call the unjust peace treaty of al-Hudaibiyah,
'A Manifest Victory'? - What was the Wisdom of Allah behind establishing a peace treaty
between the Muslims and the disbelievers? - What were the consequences of this unjust peace treaty?
Mubarakpuri,
The History of Islam by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi, Tafseer Ibn Katheer,
and others
It was about the sixth year after Hijrah, in the month of Shawwal,
Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) was shown in a dream
that while the Muslims were still living in al-Medina, they had
entered the Holy city of Makkah and were performing the rites of
Umrah (lesser pilgrimage). Their heads were being shaved and hairs
were cut. Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) immediately
informed his Companions about the dream. The Sahabah were overwhelmed
with happiness because they had been away from the House of Allah
for six year and greatly wished to make pilgrimage. Dreams of the
Prophets are true visions and revelation from Allah. The Sahabah
knew that Allah, the Exalted, had fulfilled their desire to perform
Hajj.
The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) along with his 1,400
- 1,500 Sahabah left for Makkah in Dhul-Qidah, wearing ihram and
taking with them seventy camels for sacrifice. They carried no weapons,
except a sheathed sword for protection.
Even though, the Arab Pagans did not possess any Divine Book, neither
did they follow any Messenger and were surrounded by polytheist
practices; they had immense respect for the House of Allah (Ka'bah).
It was part of their culture and tradition to regularly perform
Hajj and for the same purpose, people from distant places visited
Makkah in the month of Dhul-Hijjah and were greatly welcomed by
the Quraysh. However, when the Quraysh heard about the Prophet's
approaching to Makkah, they gathered a large number of people to
stop the Muslims, even though they had no right to do, especially
since the Muslims showed no desire to harm them.
When the Muslims arrived at a place called, Dhi Hulaifa, the Prophet
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) sent a man towards Makkah to inquire
about the situation. The man reported that the road to Makkah was
blocked by the slaves of Quraysh and a huge army gathered to stop
their way. The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) consulted with
his Companion and they all decided not to fight except if they were
prevented from performing their rites of Umrah. Abu Bakr (radiyallahu
anhu) said: "Allah and His Messenger know that we only came
to perform Umrah, not to fight anyone. However, anyone who tries
to prevent us from reaching the House, we will fight them."
The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said: "Go forth,
in the Name of Allah, the Exalted."
But the Quraysh had already decided to cease the Muslims from entering
into Makkah; they dispatched Khalid Ibn Waleed (who was still a
disbeliever) with two hundred horsemen to attack the Muslim surprisingly
during the Dhuhr (afternoon) Salaat. But Allah, the All Wise, revealed
the orders of 'The Prayer of Fear' and thus Khalid could not harm
the Muslims.
The Muslims proceeded towards Makkah and halted at the well of
al-Hudaibiyah. The Quraysh sent delegates to communicate with the
Prophet r, all of whom returned saying that the Prophet (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) had come only to perform the pilgrimage and had
no intention to fight. Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
had also offered the Quraysh to make a truce, he (sallallahu alaihe
wa-sallam) said: "We have not come to fight anyone, but to
perform Umrah. No doubt, war has weakened Quraysh and they have
suffered great losses. So, if they wish, I will conclude a truce
with them, during which they should refrain from interfering between
me and others. If I have victory over those infidels, Quraysh will
have the option to embrace Islam as the other people do, if they
wish. They will at least get strong enough to fight. But if they
do not accept the truce, by Allah, in Whose Hands is my soul, I
will fight with them defending my cause until I get killed, but
(I am sure) Allah will definitely make His cause victorious."
One of the delegates after returning from the Prophet and witnessing
the Sahabah's love and obedience to Allah's Messenger (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) expressed: "O people of Quraysh! I have been
to the magnificent royal courts of Rome and Persia, but nowhere
did I witness any ruler as dear to his people as Muhammad (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) is to his followers. His Companions have such
deep love and high regard for him that when he performs ablution;
they struggle to get the water he used and don't let it fall on
the ground. If he speaks, everybody listen to him with complete
attention, nobody even dares to look straight into his eyes (due
to respect). They can't leave Muhammad (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
at any cost. Accept what Muhammad (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
has explained to you, and strike a peace deal with him." But
the Quraysh thought that allowing the Muslims to enter Makkah would
mean disgrace and humiliation for their tribe. Negotiations went
on but with no results!
The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) then sent Uthman Ibn
Affan (radiyallahu anhu) to consult with the chiefs of the Quraysh.
Uthman (radiyallahu anhu) met Abu Sufyan and other chiefs of the
Quraysh and assured them that they would peacefully leave Makkah
after they have performed Umrah but the Quraysh refused. They instead
offered Uthman to perform Tawaaf around the Ka'bah; "We give
you the permission to go around Ka'bah." "How is it possible
that I circumambulate while the Prophet is denied of it," replied
Uthman rejecting their offer. The Quraysh became furious and kept
him waiting in Makkah. However, the Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
and the Muslims were told that Uthman was martyred. The Prophet
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said: "We shall not leave this
place without avenging the murder of Uthman." The Muslims were
also enraged because one of their brothers in Faith was unjustly
martyred by the disbelievers, they took an oath upon the hands of
Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) to avenge the death
of Uthman and not turn away from the battlefield even if death arrived.
This pledge is known 'Bait ar-Ridhwan' (The Oath of Loyalty).
Allah said being pleased with the Sahabah: "Verily, those
who give pledge to you (O Muhammad r), they are giving pledge to
Allah. The Hand of Allah is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks
his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm; and whosoever fulfills
what he has the covenants he makes with Allah, He will bestow on
him a great reward." [Soorah al-Fath (48): 10]
Jabir (radiyallahu anhu) said: "On the day of Hudaibiyah,
we were one thousand and four hundred and the Messenger of Allah
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said to us, "Today, you are the
best people on the earth." [Saheeh Muslim (no. 4811)] Imam
Ahmad recorded that Jabir said that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) said: "None among those who gave the pledge
under the tree shall enter Hell-Fire." [Musnad Ahmad (vol.
3, no. 350)]
Additional Benefit: Scholars mention the incident of 'Bayt ar-Ridhwan',
to refute the false belief that Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe
wa-sallam) knew the Unseen (Ghayb). If Allah's Messenger (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) had the knowledge of the unseen 'Bayt ar-Ridhwan'
would not have taken place since Uthman was neither killed nor harmed
but only kept waiting in Makkah by the disbelievers to fool the
Muslims.
When the Quraysh saw the firm determination of the Muslims to die
for the revenge of their brother and their love and loyalty to the
Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam); they realized that the Muslims
could not be frightened or driven back by these tricks. Uthman returned
back and the Quraysh agreed to make a peace treaty with the Muslims.
Allah says: "And if those who disbelieve fight against you,
they certainly would have turned their backs; then they would have
found neither a protector nor a helper."
Imam Ibn Katheer (rahimahullah) writes, 'Allah gives glad tidings
to His believing slaves that had the idolaters fought them, Allah
would have given victory to His Messenger, and His faithful servants.
Then the army of the disbelievers would have been defeated and would
have deserted the battlefield and fled. They would not have found
any helper or supporter, because they were fighting Allah, His Messenger
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) and his faithful party.
Allah said: "That has been the way of Allah already with
those who passed away before. And you will not find any change in
the way of Allah." Means this is the way Allah deals with His
creation. Whenever faith and disbelief meet any distinguishing junction,
Allah gives victory to faith over disbelief, raises high truth and
destroys falsehood. For instance, Allah helped His loyal faithful
supporters during the battle of Badr and they defeated the idolaters,
even though the Muslims were few in number and had very less weapon
and the idolaters were large in number and were loaded with weaponry."
Thus, even today, when the disbelievers seek to harm the Muslims
and cause destruction; the Muslims are required to harbor strong
faith in Allah, and trust in Him. Allah will certainly triumph the
faith over disbelief.
Suhail Ibn Amr was sent as the next delegate to discuss the terms
of peace treaty. The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) called
Ali (radiyallahu anhu) to prepare a draft of agreement. Ali started
with the words, 'Bismillah ar-Rahmaan ar-Raheem' (In the Name of
Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful), upon which Suhail
objected: 'We do not recognize Rahmaan, write 'Bismika Allahumma'
(In Your Name, O Allah!).' as was their custom.
The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) agreed for that and said:
'Let it be (as he says).' Then he (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
dictated, 'this is a peace treaty, which Muhammad (sallallahu alaihe
wa-sallam), the Messenger of Allah has agreed with Suhail Ibn Amr.'
Suhail again objected saying, 'Had we witnessed you as the Messenger
of Allah, we would not have turned you away from the House of Allah,
nor fought with you. You should write Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (Muhammad
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam), the son of Abdullah).'
"I am Allah's Messenger, even if you disbelieve in me,"
replied the Prophet and asked Ali (radiyallahu anhu) to rub out
what he had written.
'By Allah, I cannot do it.' replied Ali (radiyallahu anhu). The
Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) in the larger interest of
Islam, gave no importance to trivial details, he erased the words
himself and dictated, "Muhammad (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam),
the son of Abdullah."
Imam Bukharee (rahimahullah) recorded in his Saheeh in 'The Book
of Conditions,' the terms of the peace treaty, "…The
Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said to Suhail, "On the
condition that you allow us to visit the House so that we may perform
Tawaaf around it."
Suhail said: 'By Allah, we will not, so as not to give the Arabs
a chance to say that we yielded to your pressure, but we will allow
you next year." So, the Prophet had that written.
Then Suhail said: 'We also lay down the condition that you should
return to us whoever comes to you from us, even if he embraced your
religion.'
The Muslims protested, 'Glorified by Allah! How can a person be
returned to the idolaters after he has become a Muslim?' At this
time, Abu Jandal, the son of Suhail himself, who was put in chains
and severely tortured for accepting Islam, came from the valley
of Makkah and fell down among the Muslims. He showed great desire
to be taken to al-Medina. The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
and the Sahabah felt pity and tried to take Abu Jandal with them,
but Suhail cried: "To signify that you are faithful to your
contract, an opportunity has just arrived." The Prophet (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) said: "But the treaty was not signed when
your son entered the camp." Suhail burst out saying: "but
the terms of treaty were agreed upon.'
On one side, Abu Jandal was shouting and crying: 'O Muslims! Will
I be returned to the polytheists although I have come as a Muslim?'
but on the other hand, the faithful engagement was also necessary.
The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) wanted to release Abu
Jandal but he also had to honor his words. He consoled Abu Jandal
and said: "Be patient, submit yourself to the Will of Allah.
Allah will provide you and your helpless companions' relief and
means of escape. We have concluded a treaty of peace with them and
we have taken the pledge in the Name of Allah. We, therefore, cannot
break the treaty."
The following were the full terms of the treaty:
(a) The Muslims shall return this year and come back next year
to perform the pilgrimage, and they will not stay in Makkah for
more than 3 days.
(b) The Muslims shall not carry any weapons, except a sheathed
sword.
(c) War activities will be suspended for ten years, during which
both will live in security and not raise sword against the other.
(d) If anyone from the Quraysh goes over to Muhammad (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) without his guardian's permission, he should be
returned back to the Quraysh, but anybody of Muhammad's (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) followers returns to Quraysh, he will not be sent
back.
(e) Any tribe of Arabia is free to join the treaty with Muhammad
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) or with the Quraysh.
The conditions were unjust but the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) accepted them all, even though the Sahabah (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) disliked it. Umar Ibn Khattab said: "I went
to the Prophet and said: 'Are you not truly the Messenger of Allah
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)?' The Prophet said: 'Yes, indeed.'
I said: 'Is not our cause just and the cause of the enemy unjust?'
The Prophet said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Then why should we be humble in
our religion?' He (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said: "I am
Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) and I do not disobey
Him, and He will make me victorious." I said: 'Did you not
tell us that we would go to the Ka'bah and perform Tawaaf around
it?' He (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said: "Yes, but did I
tell you that we would visit the Ka'bah this year?' I said: 'No.'
He said: "So you will visit it and perform Tawaaf around it."
Umar further said: "I went to Abu Bakr and said: 'O Abu Bakr!
Is not he truly the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)?'
He replied: 'Yes.' I said: 'Is not our cause just and the cause
of the enemy unjust?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Then why should we
be humble in our religion?' He said: "O you man! Indeed, he
is Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) and he does not
disobey Allah, he is on the right path." I said: 'Did he not
tell us that we would go to the Ka'bah and perform Tawaaf around
it?' He said: "Yes, but did he tell you that you would visit
the Ka'bah this year?' I said: 'No.' He said: "You will go
to the Ka'bah and perform Tawaaf around it." Umar says: "I
performed many good deeds as expiation for the improper questions
I asked them.'
When the peace treaty was written down, Allah's Messenger (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) said to his companions: "Get up and slaughter
your sacrifices and have you heads shaved." One of the Companions
of Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) relates: 'By
Allah none of them got up, and the Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
repeated his order thrice. When none of them got up, he left them
and went to Umm Salamah (radhi allahu anha) (the Prophet's wife)
and told her of the people's attitude towards him. Umm Salamah said:
'O Prophet of Allah! Do you want your order to be carried out? Go
out and don't say a word to anybody until you have slaughtered your
sacrifice and call your barber to shave your head.' The Messenger
of Allah (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) did as Umm Salamah suggested.
Seeing the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam), the
Companions got up, slaughtered their sacrifices and started shaving
the heads of one another. There was so much of a rush and sadness
that there was a danger of killing each other…"
Allah fulfilled the Prophet's Vision
Allah says: "Indeed, Allah shall fulfill the true vision which
He showed to His Messenger in very truth. Certainly, you shall enter
al-Masjid al-Haraam, if Allah Wills, secure, (some) having your
heads shaved, and (some) having you hair cut short, having no fear."
[Soorah al-Fath (48): 27]
When the month of Dhul-Hijjah came, the seventh year of Hijrah,
the Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) accompanied by those who
were with him at al-Hudaibiyah went to Makkah for Umrah. The Prophet
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) and the Companions approached al-Makkah
reciting the Talbiyah aloud. The leaders of the disbelievers left
Makkah so that they would not have to look at the Prophet and his
Companions, out of rage and anger; rest of the people sat on the
pathways and house roofs watching the Prophet (sallallahu alaihe
wa-sallam) and his Companions.
Abdullah Ibn Abbas said: "When Allah's Messenger and his companions
came to Makkah, the fever of Yathrib (al-Medina) had weakened and
bothered them. The idolaters circulated the news that a group of
people were coming to them and that they had been weakened and bothered
by the fever of Yathrib… Allah conveyed to His Prophet what
the idolaters said, so he ordered his companions to do Ramal (run)
in the first three rounds, so that the idolaters witness their strength.
The companions did Ramal in the first three rounds. He also ordered
them to walk normally between the two corners, for from there the
idolaters would not be able to see them. The Prophet (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) did not order them to do Ramal in all the rounds
of Tawaaf out of pity for them. The idolaters commented, 'Are these
the people who you claimed were weakened by the fever. They are
stronger than so and so!" [Saheeh Muslim]
A MANIFEST VICTORY
When Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) was on his
way back to al-Medina after the peace treaty, Allah, the Exalted,
declared the peace treaty of al-Hudaibiyah, 'A Manifest Victory,'
"Verily, We have given you a manifest victory." [Soorah
al-Fath (48): 1]
Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said upon its revelation,
"Tonight, an Ayah, that is dearer to me than all the earth
carries, was revealed to me.' [Musnad Ahmad]
Imam Ibn Katheer (rahimahullah) writes in the Tafseer of the verse,
"Indeed, Allah was pleased with the believers when they gave
the pledge to you under the tree, He know what was in their hearts,
and He sent down As-Sakinah upon them, and He rewarded them with
a near victory." [Soorah al-Fath (48): 18] "(the above
verse is) in reference to the goodness that Allah, the Exalted,
and Most Honored caused to happened to the Companions on account
of the peace treaty between them and the disbelieving enemies. Ever
after that, the Companions gained abundant, general and continuous
benefits and accomplishments, leading to the conquest of Khaibar
and Makkah, and then the various surrounding provinces and areas.
They earned tremendous glory, triumphs and an elevated and honorable
status in this life and in the Hereafter…"
The wisdom of Allah behind the peace treaty of al-Hudaibiyah and
Allah's calling it, 'A Manifest Victory' revealed shortly after
the truce. According to the terms of the treaty, the Quraysh showed
no interest in the religion of people outside Makkah. So, the Muslims
now had the opportunity to openly and freely call people to Islam
and preach the faith. And within two years double the number of
people entered Islam ever before. When Allah's Messenger (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam) returned back from al-Hudaibiyah, he had only
1,400-1,500 companions but when he returned back to liberate Makkah
after two years, he had with him 10,000 men.
The unjust condition laid down by the Quraysh that the Muslims
should return back whoever comes to them from the Quraysh, even
if he has embraced Islam, which was most objectionable by the Muslims
and was seemingly in the favor of the Quraysh was later on terminated
by the Quraysh themselves!!
Allah, the Exalted, caused the Muslims in Makkah to escape the
disbelieving pagans, just as Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe
wa-sallam) had consoled Abu Jandal saying: "Be patient, submit
yourself to the Will of Allah. Allah will provide you and your helpless
companions' relief and means of escape…"
It was impossible that the Muslims who were sent back to al-Medina
would leave the blessing of Islam or become apostates after suffering
hardships and openly declaring Islam. After the Muslims returned
back to al-Medina, Abu Bashir, who had already professed Islam in
Makkah escaped and reached al-Medina for shelter. The Quraysh sent
two men to bring him back and the Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
sent him back. On the way back, Abu Bashir said to one of the men,
'Your sword appears to be of the highest quality.' Hearing this,
another guard unsheathed the sword and began to admire it. Abu Bashir
said: 'Let me see the sword.' He gave it to Abu Bashir without the
least concern. Abu Bashir struck him with the sword so hard that
his head fell on the ground. The other guard fled towards al-Medina
and Abu Bashir followed him. When he reached the Prophet (sallallahu
alaihe wa-sallam), he said: 'Your obligation is over and Allah has
freed you from it. You duly handed me over to the men and Allah
has rescued me from them." The Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
said: "He would have kindled a war if there had been others
with him."
Abu Bashir knew he would be again handed over to the disbeliever
so he fled from al-Medina and went to the seacoast. When Abu Jandal
Ibn Suhail knew about him, he too escaped from al-Medina and joined
Abu Bashir. Similarly, whoever embraced Islam would join them until
they grew so strong that they soon began to intercept the Quraysh
caravans as revenge. The situation got so worse and out of control
that the Quraysh requested Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe
wa-sallam) to terminate the condition, and asked him to send for
the group to join the Muslims in al-Medina. The unjust condition
was thus proved to be a source of destruction for the disbelievers
and a blessing for the Muslims.
Also, the conquest of Makkah (two years after the truce) was the
fruit of the peace treaty of al-Hudaibiyah. The Quraysh did not
keep up with the terms of the peace treaty and along with Banu Bakr
(who had joined the Quraysh in the peace treaty) in attacked Banu
Khuza'ah (who had joined Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam)
in the peace treaty). When Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe
wa-sallam) was informed, he (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) gathered
the Muslims and approached Makkah. Allah, the Exalted, granted Fath
al-Makkah (Conquest of Makkah) to the Muslims.
Thus we understand the words of Abdullah Ibn Mas'oud (radiyallahu
anhu) and other companions, who said: "You consider the conquering
of Makkah to be al-Fath (the victory), while to us, al-Fath is the
treaty conducted at al-Hudaibiyah.' [Ibn Katheer]
Lessons from 'A MANIFEST VICTORY'
The treaty of al-Hudaibiyah teaches us an important lesson that
Allah only chooses the best for his believing slaves, even though
they might look unfavorable outwardly. Allah says in the Qur'aan:
"…it may be that you dislike a thing which is good for
you and that you like a thing which is bad for you. Allah knows
(what is best for you) and you do not." [Soorah al-Baqarah
(2): 216]
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said: "By
Him in Whose Hand is my soul, Allah does not ordain a Decree for
a believer but for his good; and this merit is for no one except
a believer..." [Saheeh Muslim]
The treaty of al-Hudaibiyah resulted in great goodness, even though
Sahabah disliked the treaty but they obeyed Allah and His Messenger
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam). Allah said: "He knew what you
knew not, and He granted besides that a near victory." [Soorah
al-Fath (48): 27] meaning Allah knew the benefits and goodness of
turning you away from Makkah and preventing you from entering it
in the year of al-Hudaibiyah, He knew that which you had no knowledge
of, "…and He granted besides that a near victory."
[See Ibn Katheer]
If Allah had willed, he would have defeated the disbelievers as
Allah says next, "…to Allah belong the armies of the
Heavens and the earth…" but for His Great Wisdom, Allah
willed peace treaty to be established. "Allah is Ever All-Knower,
All-Wise." Allah further mentions some reasons behind the peace
treaty, He said: "That He may admit the believing men and the
believing women to Gardens under which rivers flow to abide therein
forever. And He may expiate from them their sins… And that
He may punish the hypocrite men and women, and also the idolaters'
men and women, who think evil thoughts about Allah, for them is
a disgraceful torment"
Imam Ibn Katheer (rahimahullah) writes, "…(He might
those) who question the wisdom of Allah's Decision and think that
the Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) and his companions (radiyallahu
anhu) might be killed and exterminated. This is why Allah, the Exalted
said, "for them is a disgraceful torment. And the Anger of
Allah is upon them, and He has cursed them."
So, one must always have good expectations in Allah and trust His
Decision and Judgment with regard to everything what He Decrees
for the slave. Allah explains that if human beings put their complete
trust in Allah, then Allah will suffice them, "Whoever trusts
in Allah, will find Him sufficient. Verily, Allah will accomplish
his purpose." [Soorah at-Talaq (65): 3] The Messenger of Allah
(sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) explained that the believer should
always be satisfied with the Decree of Allah. He should be pleased
and thankful to Allah when he is granted ease and pleasure of life.
Likewise, he should become patient when calamities afflict him.
He (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam) said: "…If he (the believer)
is granted ease of living, he is thankful; and this is best for
him. And if he is afflicted with a hardship, he preserves; and this
is best for him." [Saheeh Muslim]
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